Cell Division- A process by which a parent cell divides into 2 cells creating daughter cells.
Chromatid- One of the two side by side replicas produced by chromosome replication in mitosis. Subunit of a chromosome after replication and prior to an anaphase.
Centromere- Centromeres are highly complex chromosomal substructures involved in essential aspects of chromosome transmission during cell division. The centromere/kinetochor complex is responsible for directing chromosome movements in mitosis and for faithful progression of mitotic events at the transition between metaphase and anaphase.
Interphase- During interphase, cellular organelles double in number, the DNA replicates, and protein synthesis occurs. The chromosomes are not visible and the DNA appears as uncoiled chromatin.
Cell Cycle- An ordered set of events, culminating in cell growth and division into two daughter cells. Non-dividing cells not considered to be in the cell cycle.
Mitosis- is a process of cell division which results in the production of two daughter cells from a single parent cell. The daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent cell.
Prophase- During prophase the chromosomes are identical chromatids connected at the center by a centromere, forming an X-shaped object.
Centriole- one of a pair of cellular organelles that occur especially in animals, are adjacent to the nucleus, function in the formation of the spindle apparatus during cell division, and consist of a cylinder with nine microtubules arranged peripherally in a circle.
Spindle- Pull the chromatids toward the spindle poles, and lengthen and elongate the cell.
Metaphase- -In Metaphase the kinetochores that are responsible for moving the chromosomes jump begin to orientate the chromosomes.
Anaphase- is a stage in mitosis and meiosis where chromosomes begin moving to opposite ends (poles) of the cell.
Telophase- the final stage of meiosis or mitosis, in which the separated chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the dividing cell and the nuclei of the daughter cells form around the two sets of chromosomes.
Cytokinesis- is the process whereby the cytoplasm of a single cell is divided to spawn two daughter cells.
Cancer- Develops when cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of control.
Cyclin- are eukaryotic proteins that play an active role in controlling nuclear cell division cycles and regulate cyclin dependent kinases.
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